371 lines
14 KiB
Groff
371 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" CDDL HEADER START
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.\"
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.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
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.\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
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.\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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.\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
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.\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
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.\" CDDL HEADER END
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2007, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2018 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012 Cyril Plisko. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2018 George Melikov. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 Open-E, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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.\"
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.Dd August 9, 2019
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.Dt ZPOOLPROPS 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm zpoolprops
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.Nd available properties for ZFS storage pools
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Each pool has several properties associated with it.
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Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and
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change the behavior of the pool.
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.Pp
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The following are read-only properties:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Cm allocated
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Amount of storage used within the pool.
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See
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.Sy fragmentation
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and
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.Sy free
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for more information.
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.It Sy capacity
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Percentage of pool space used.
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This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
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.Sy cap .
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.It Sy expandsize
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Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to
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increase the total capacity of the pool.
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On whole-disk vdevs, this is the space beyond the end of the GPT –
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typically occurring when a LUN is dynamically expanded
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or a disk replaced with a larger one.
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On partition vdevs, this is the space appended to the partition after it was
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added to the pool – most likely by resizing it in-place.
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The space can be claimed for the pool by bringing it online with
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.Sy autoexpand=on
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or using
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.Nm zpool Cm online Fl e .
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.It Sy fragmentation
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The amount of fragmentation in the pool. As the amount of space
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.Sy allocated
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increases, it becomes more difficult to locate
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.Sy free
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space. This may result in lower write performance compared to pools with more
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unfragmented free space.
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.It Sy free
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The amount of free space available in the pool.
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By contrast, the
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.Xr zfs 8
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.Sy available
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property describes how much new data can be written to ZFS filesystems/volumes.
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The zpool
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.Sy free
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property is not generally useful for this purpose, and can be substantially more than the zfs
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.Sy available
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space. This discrepancy is due to several factors, including raidz parity; zfs
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reservation, quota, refreservation, and refquota properties; and space set aside by
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.Sy spa_slop_shift
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(see
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.Xr zfs-module-parameters 5
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for more information).
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.It Sy freeing
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After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is
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returned to the pool asynchronously.
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.Sy freeing
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is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed.
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Over time
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.Sy freeing
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will decrease while
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.Sy free
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increases.
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.It Sy health
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The current health of the pool.
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Health can be one of
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.Sy ONLINE , DEGRADED , FAULTED , OFFLINE, REMOVED , UNAVAIL .
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.It Sy guid
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A unique identifier for the pool.
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.It Sy load_guid
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A unique identifier for the pool.
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Unlike the
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.Sy guid
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property, this identifier is generated every time we load the pool (e.g. does
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not persist across imports/exports) and never changes while the pool is loaded
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(even if a
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.Sy reguid
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operation takes place).
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.It Sy size
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Total size of the storage pool.
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.It Sy unsupported@ Ns Em feature_guid
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Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool.
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See
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.Xr zpool-features 5
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for details.
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.El
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.Pp
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The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the
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storage pool.
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The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any
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contained datasets can actually use.
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The amount of space used in a raidz configuration depends on the characteristics
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of the data being written.
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In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the
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.Xr zfs 8
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command takes into account, but the
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.Nm
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command does not.
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For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible.
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For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these
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discrepancies may become more noticeable.
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.Pp
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The following property can be set at creation time and import time:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Sy altroot
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Alternate root directory.
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If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool.
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This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be
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trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not
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valid.
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.Sy altroot
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is not a persistent property.
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It is valid only while the system is up.
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Setting
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.Sy altroot
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defaults to using
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.Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none ,
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though this may be overridden using an explicit setting.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following property can be set only at import time:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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If set to
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.Sy on ,
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the pool will be imported in read-only mode.
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This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
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.Sy rdonly .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later
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changed with the
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.Nm zpool Cm set
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command:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Sy ashift Ns = Ns Sy ashift
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Pool sector size exponent, to the power of
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.Sy 2
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(internally referred to as
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.Sy ashift
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). Values from 9 to 16, inclusive, are valid; also, the
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value 0 (the default) means to auto-detect using the kernel's block
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layer and a ZFS internal exception list. I/O operations will be aligned
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to the specified size boundaries. Additionally, the minimum (disk)
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write size will be set to the specified size, so this represents a
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space vs. performance trade-off. For optimal performance, the pool
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sector size should be greater than or equal to the sector size of the
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underlying disks. The typical case for setting this property is when
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performance is important and the underlying disks use 4KiB sectors but
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report 512B sectors to the OS (for compatibility reasons); in that
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case, set
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.Sy ashift=12
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(which is 1<<12 = 4096). When set, this property is
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used as the default hint value in subsequent vdev operations (add,
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attach and replace). Changing this value will not modify any existing
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vdev, not even on disk replacement; however it can be used, for
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instance, to replace a dying 512B sectors disk with a newer 4KiB
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sectors device: this will probably result in bad performance but at the
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same time could prevent loss of data.
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.It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown.
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If set to
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.Sy on ,
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the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device.
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If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that
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mirror/raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to
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the pool.
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The default behavior is
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.Sy off .
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This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
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.Sy expand .
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.It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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Controls automatic device replacement.
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If set to
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.Sy off ,
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device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the
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.Nm zpool Cm replace
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command.
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If set to
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.Sy on ,
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any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously
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belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced.
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The default behavior is
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.Sy off .
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This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
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.Sy replace .
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Autoreplace can also be used with virtual disks (like device
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mapper) provided that you use the /dev/disk/by-vdev paths setup by
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vdev_id.conf. See the
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.Xr vdev_id 8
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man page for more details.
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Autoreplace and autoonline require the ZFS Event Daemon be configured and
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running. See the
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.Xr zed 8
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man page for more details.
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.It Sy autotrim Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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When set to
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.Sy on
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space which has been recently freed, and is no longer allocated by the pool,
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will be periodically trimmed. This allows block device vdevs which support
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BLKDISCARD, such as SSDs, or file vdevs on which the underlying file system
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supports hole-punching, to reclaim unused blocks. The default setting for
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this property is
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.Sy off .
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.Pp
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Automatic TRIM does not immediately reclaim blocks after a free. Instead,
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it will optimistically delay allowing smaller ranges to be aggregated in to
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a few larger ones. These can then be issued more efficiently to the storage.
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TRIM on L2ARC devices is enabled by setting
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.Sy l2arc_trim_ahead > 0 .
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.Pp
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Be aware that automatic trimming of recently freed data blocks can put
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significant stress on the underlying storage devices. This will vary
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depending of how well the specific device handles these commands. For
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lower end devices it is often possible to achieve most of the benefits
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of automatic trimming by running an on-demand (manual) TRIM periodically
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using the
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.Nm zpool Cm trim
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command.
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.It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Sy (unset) Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset
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Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is
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expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs.
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Not all Linux distribution boot processes use the bootfs property.
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.It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path Ns | Ns Sy none
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Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached.
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Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the
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configuration data that is stored on the root file system.
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All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots.
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Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this
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information in a different location so that pools are not automatically
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imported.
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Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that
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can later be imported with
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.Nm zpool Cm import Fl c .
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Setting it to the value
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.Sy none
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creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the
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.Qq
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.Pq empty string
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uses the default location.
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.Pp
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Multiple pools can share the same cache file.
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Because the kernel destroys and recreates this file when pools are added and
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removed, care should be taken when attempting to access this file.
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When the last pool using a
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.Sy cachefile
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is exported or destroyed, the file will be empty.
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.It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text
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A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored
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such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted.
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An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this
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property.
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.It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number
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This property is deprecated and no longer has any effect.
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.It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset
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permissions defined on the dataset.
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See
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.Xr zfs 8
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for more information on ZFS delegated administration.
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.It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Sy wait Ns | Ns Sy continue Ns | Ns Sy panic
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Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure.
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This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying
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storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool.
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The behavior of such an event is determined as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width "continue"
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.It Sy wait
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Blocks all I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors
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are cleared.
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This is the default behavior.
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.It Sy continue
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Returns
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.Er EIO
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to any new write I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy
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devices.
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Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked.
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.It Sy panic
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Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump.
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.El
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.It Sy feature@ Ns Ar feature_name Ns = Ns Sy enabled
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The value of this property is the current state of
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.Ar feature_name .
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The only valid value when setting this property is
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.Sy enabled
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which moves
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.Ar feature_name
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to the enabled state.
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See
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.Xr zpool-features 5
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for details on feature states.
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.It Sy listsnapshots Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is
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output when
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.Nm zfs Cm list
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is run without the
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.Fl t
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option.
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The default value is
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.Sy off .
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This property can also be referred to by its shortened name,
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.Sy listsnaps .
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.It Sy multihost Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
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Controls whether a pool activity check should be performed during
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.Nm zpool Cm import .
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When a pool is determined to be active it cannot be imported, even with the
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.Fl f
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option. This property is intended to be used in failover configurations
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where multiple hosts have access to a pool on shared storage.
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.Pp
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Multihost provides protection on import only. It does not protect against an
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individual device being used in multiple pools, regardless of the type of vdev.
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See the discussion under
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.Sy zpool create.
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.Pp
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When this property is on, periodic writes to storage occur to show the pool is
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in use. See
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.Sy zfs_multihost_interval
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in the
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.Xr zfs-module-parameters 5
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man page. In order to enable this property each host must set a unique hostid.
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See
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.Xr genhostid 1
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.Xr zgenhostid 8
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.Xr spl-module-parameters 5
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for additional details. The default value is
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.Sy off .
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.It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version
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The current on-disk version of the pool.
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This can be increased, but never decreased.
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The preferred method of updating pools is with the
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.Nm zpool Cm upgrade
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command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for
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backwards compatibility.
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Once feature flags are enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a
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value.
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.El
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