2836 lines
84 KiB
Groff
2836 lines
84 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" CDDL HEADER START
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.\"
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.\" The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
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.\" Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
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.\" You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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.\"
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.\" You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
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.\" or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
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.\" See the License for the specific language governing permissions
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.\" and limitations under the License.
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.\"
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.\" When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
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.\" file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
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.\" If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
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.\" fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
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.\" information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
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.\"
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.\" CDDL HEADER END
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2007, Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012, 2018 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2012 Cyril Plisko. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2018 George Melikov. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" Copyright 2017 Nexenta Systems, Inc.
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.\" Copyright (c) 2017 Open-E, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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.\"
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.Dd May 2, 2019
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.Dt ZPOOL 8 SMM
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.Os Linux
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm zpool
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|
.Nd configure ZFS storage pools
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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|
.Fl ?V
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.Nm
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|
.Cm add
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.Op Fl fgLnP
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.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
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.Ar pool vdev Ns ...
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.Nm
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.Cm attach
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|
.Op Fl f
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|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
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|
.Ar pool device new_device
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.Nm
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|
.Cm checkpoint
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.Op Fl d, -discard
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|
.Ar pool
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm clear
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|
.Ar pool
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|
.Op Ar device
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm create
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|
.Op Fl dfn
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|
.Op Fl m Ar mountpoint
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|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
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|
.Oo Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
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|
.Oo Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
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|
.Op Fl R Ar root
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|
.Ar pool vdev Ns ...
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm destroy
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|
.Op Fl f
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|
.Ar pool
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm detach
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|
.Ar pool device
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm events
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|
.Op Fl vHf Oo Ar pool Oc | Fl c
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm export
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|
.Op Fl a
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|
.Op Fl f
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|
.Ar pool Ns ...
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm get
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|
.Op Fl Hp
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|
.Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ...
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|
.Sy all Ns | Ns Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
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|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm history
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|
.Op Fl il
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|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm import
|
|
.Op Fl D
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|
.Op Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm import
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl DflmN
|
|
.Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc
|
|
.Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint
|
|
.Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
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|
.Op Fl o Ar mntopts
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm import
|
|
.Op Fl Dflm
|
|
.Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc
|
|
.Op Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint
|
|
.Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
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|
.Op Fl o Ar mntopts
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|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
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|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Op Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool Ns | Ns Ar id
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|
.Op Ar newpool Oo Fl t Oc
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm initialize
|
|
.Op Fl c | Fl s
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|
.Ar pool
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|
.Op Ar device Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm iostat
|
|
.Op Oo Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc Oo Fl lq Oc Oc Ns | Ns Fl rw
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|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
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|
.Op Fl ghHLnpPvy
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|
.Oo Oo Ar pool Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar pool vdev Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar vdev Ns ... Oc Oc
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|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm labelclear
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm list
|
|
.Op Fl HgLpPv
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
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|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm offline
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Op Fl t
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm online
|
|
.Op Fl e
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm reguid
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm reopen
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
|
.Ar pool
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|
.Nm
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|
.Cm remove
|
|
.Op Fl np
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm remove
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|
.Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm replace
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Op Ar new_device
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm resilver
|
|
.Ar pool Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm scrub
|
|
.Op Fl s | Fl p
|
|
.Ar pool Ns ...
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm trim
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl r Ar rate
|
|
.Op Fl c | Fl s
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|
.Ar pool
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|
.Op Ar device Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm set
|
|
.Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar pool
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm split
|
|
.Op Fl gLlnP
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Ar pool newpool
|
|
.Oo Ar device Oc Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm status
|
|
.Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc
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|
.Op Fl DigLpPstvx
|
|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm sync
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Op Fl V Ar version
|
|
.Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns ...
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|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm version
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|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
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|
command configures ZFS storage pools.
|
|
A storage pool is a collection of devices that provides physical storage and
|
|
data replication for ZFS datasets.
|
|
All datasets within a storage pool share the same space.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
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|
for information on managing datasets.
|
|
.Ss Virtual Devices (vdevs)
|
|
A "virtual device" describes a single device or a collection of devices
|
|
organized according to certain performance and fault characteristics.
|
|
The following virtual devices are supported:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
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|
.It Sy disk
|
|
A block device, typically located under
|
|
.Pa /dev .
|
|
ZFS can use individual slices or partitions, though the recommended mode of
|
|
operation is to use whole disks.
|
|
A disk can be specified by a full path, or it can be a shorthand name
|
|
.Po the relative portion of the path under
|
|
.Pa /dev
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
A whole disk can be specified by omitting the slice or partition designation.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Pa sda
|
|
is equivalent to
|
|
.Pa /dev/sda .
|
|
When given a whole disk, ZFS automatically labels the disk, if necessary.
|
|
.It Sy file
|
|
A regular file.
|
|
The use of files as a backing store is strongly discouraged.
|
|
It is designed primarily for experimental purposes, as the fault tolerance of a
|
|
file is only as good as the file system of which it is a part.
|
|
A file must be specified by a full path.
|
|
.It Sy mirror
|
|
A mirror of two or more devices.
|
|
Data is replicated in an identical fashion across all components of a mirror.
|
|
A mirror with N disks of size X can hold X bytes and can withstand (N-1) devices
|
|
failing before data integrity is compromised.
|
|
.It Sy raidz , raidz1 , raidz2 , raidz3
|
|
A variation on RAID-5 that allows for better distribution of parity and
|
|
eliminates the RAID-5
|
|
.Qq write hole
|
|
.Pq in which data and parity become inconsistent after a power loss .
|
|
Data and parity is striped across all disks within a raidz group.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A raidz group can have single-, double-, or triple-parity, meaning that the
|
|
raidz group can sustain one, two, or three failures, respectively, without
|
|
losing any data.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy raidz1
|
|
vdev type specifies a single-parity raidz group; the
|
|
.Sy raidz2
|
|
vdev type specifies a double-parity raidz group; and the
|
|
.Sy raidz3
|
|
vdev type specifies a triple-parity raidz group.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy raidz
|
|
vdev type is an alias for
|
|
.Sy raidz1 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A raidz group with N disks of size X with P parity disks can hold approximately
|
|
(N-P)*X bytes and can withstand P device(s) failing before data integrity is
|
|
compromised.
|
|
The minimum number of devices in a raidz group is one more than the number of
|
|
parity disks.
|
|
The recommended number is between 3 and 9 to help increase performance.
|
|
.It Sy spare
|
|
A pseudo-vdev which keeps track of available hot spares for a pool.
|
|
For more information, see the
|
|
.Sx Hot Spares
|
|
section.
|
|
.It Sy log
|
|
A separate intent log device.
|
|
If more than one log device is specified, then writes are load-balanced between
|
|
devices.
|
|
Log devices can be mirrored.
|
|
However, raidz vdev types are not supported for the intent log.
|
|
For more information, see the
|
|
.Sx Intent Log
|
|
section.
|
|
.It Sy dedup
|
|
A device dedicated solely for deduplication tables.
|
|
The redundancy of this device should match the redundancy of the other normal
|
|
devices in the pool. If more than one dedup device is specified, then
|
|
allocations are load-balanced between those devices.
|
|
.It Sy special
|
|
A device dedicated solely for allocating various kinds of internal metadata,
|
|
and optionally small file blocks.
|
|
The redundancy of this device should match the redundancy of the other normal
|
|
devices in the pool. If more than one special device is specified, then
|
|
allocations are load-balanced between those devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For more information on special allocations, see the
|
|
.Sx Special Allocation Class
|
|
section.
|
|
.It Sy cache
|
|
A device used to cache storage pool data.
|
|
A cache device cannot be configured as a mirror or raidz group.
|
|
For more information, see the
|
|
.Sx Cache Devices
|
|
section.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Virtual devices cannot be nested, so a mirror or raidz virtual device can only
|
|
contain files or disks.
|
|
Mirrors of mirrors
|
|
.Pq or other combinations
|
|
are not allowed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A pool can have any number of virtual devices at the top of the configuration
|
|
.Po known as
|
|
.Qq root vdevs
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
Data is dynamically distributed across all top-level devices to balance data
|
|
among devices.
|
|
As new virtual devices are added, ZFS automatically places data on the newly
|
|
available devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Virtual devices are specified one at a time on the command line, separated by
|
|
whitespace.
|
|
The keywords
|
|
.Sy mirror
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy raidz
|
|
are used to distinguish where a group ends and another begins.
|
|
For example, the following creates two root vdevs, each a mirror of two disks:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create mypool mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss Device Failure and Recovery
|
|
ZFS supports a rich set of mechanisms for handling device failure and data
|
|
corruption.
|
|
All metadata and data is checksummed, and ZFS automatically repairs bad data
|
|
from a good copy when corruption is detected.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to take advantage of these features, a pool must make use of some form
|
|
of redundancy, using either mirrored or raidz groups.
|
|
While ZFS supports running in a non-redundant configuration, where each root
|
|
vdev is simply a disk or file, this is strongly discouraged.
|
|
A single case of bit corruption can render some or all of your data unavailable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A pool's health status is described by one of three states: online, degraded,
|
|
or faulted.
|
|
An online pool has all devices operating normally.
|
|
A degraded pool is one in which one or more devices have failed, but the data is
|
|
still available due to a redundant configuration.
|
|
A faulted pool has corrupted metadata, or one or more faulted devices, and
|
|
insufficient replicas to continue functioning.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The health of the top-level vdev, such as mirror or raidz device, is
|
|
potentially impacted by the state of its associated vdevs, or component
|
|
devices.
|
|
A top-level vdev or component device is in one of the following states:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "DEGRADED"
|
|
.It Sy DEGRADED
|
|
One or more top-level vdevs is in the degraded state because one or more
|
|
component devices are offline.
|
|
Sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
One or more component devices is in the degraded or faulted state, but
|
|
sufficient replicas exist to continue functioning.
|
|
The underlying conditions are as follows:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
The number of checksum errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is
|
|
degraded as an indication that something may be wrong.
|
|
ZFS continues to use the device as necessary.
|
|
.It
|
|
The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels.
|
|
The device could not be marked as faulted because there are insufficient
|
|
replicas to continue functioning.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy FAULTED
|
|
One or more top-level vdevs is in the faulted state because one or more
|
|
component devices are offline.
|
|
Insufficient replicas exist to continue functioning.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
One or more component devices is in the faulted state, and insufficient
|
|
replicas exist to continue functioning.
|
|
The underlying conditions are as follows:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
The device could be opened, but the contents did not match expected values.
|
|
.It
|
|
The number of I/O errors exceeds acceptable levels and the device is faulted to
|
|
prevent further use of the device.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy OFFLINE
|
|
The device was explicitly taken offline by the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm offline
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Sy ONLINE
|
|
The device is online and functioning.
|
|
.It Sy REMOVED
|
|
The device was physically removed while the system was running.
|
|
Device removal detection is hardware-dependent and may not be supported on all
|
|
platforms.
|
|
.It Sy UNAVAIL
|
|
The device could not be opened.
|
|
If a pool is imported when a device was unavailable, then the device will be
|
|
identified by a unique identifier instead of its path since the path was never
|
|
correct in the first place.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a device is removed and later re-attached to the system, ZFS attempts
|
|
to put the device online automatically.
|
|
Device attach detection is hardware-dependent and might not be supported on all
|
|
platforms.
|
|
.Ss Hot Spares
|
|
ZFS allows devices to be associated with pools as
|
|
.Qq hot spares .
|
|
These devices are not actively used in the pool, but when an active device
|
|
fails, it is automatically replaced by a hot spare.
|
|
To create a pool with hot spares, specify a
|
|
.Sy spare
|
|
vdev with any number of devices.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create pool mirror sda sdb spare sdc sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Spares can be shared across multiple pools, and can be added with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm add
|
|
command and removed with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm remove
|
|
command.
|
|
Once a spare replacement is initiated, a new
|
|
.Sy spare
|
|
vdev is created within the configuration that will remain there until the
|
|
original device is replaced.
|
|
At this point, the hot spare becomes available again if another device fails.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a pool has a shared spare that is currently being used, the pool can not be
|
|
exported since other pools may use this shared spare, which may lead to
|
|
potential data corruption.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Shared spares add some risk. If the pools are imported on different hosts, and
|
|
both pools suffer a device failure at the same time, both could attempt to use
|
|
the spare at the same time. This may not be detected, resulting in data
|
|
corruption.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An in-progress spare replacement can be cancelled by detaching the hot spare.
|
|
If the original faulted device is detached, then the hot spare assumes its
|
|
place in the configuration, and is removed from the spare list of all active
|
|
pools.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Spares cannot replace log devices.
|
|
.Ss Intent Log
|
|
The ZFS Intent Log (ZIL) satisfies POSIX requirements for synchronous
|
|
transactions.
|
|
For instance, databases often require their transactions to be on stable storage
|
|
devices when returning from a system call.
|
|
NFS and other applications can also use
|
|
.Xr fsync 2
|
|
to ensure data stability.
|
|
By default, the intent log is allocated from blocks within the main pool.
|
|
However, it might be possible to get better performance using separate intent
|
|
log devices such as NVRAM or a dedicated disk.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create pool sda sdb log sdc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Multiple log devices can also be specified, and they can be mirrored.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section for an example of mirroring multiple log devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Log devices can be added, replaced, attached, detached and removed. In
|
|
addition, log devices are imported and exported as part of the pool
|
|
that contains them.
|
|
Mirrored devices can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror vdev.
|
|
.Ss Cache Devices
|
|
Devices can be added to a storage pool as
|
|
.Qq cache devices .
|
|
These devices provide an additional layer of caching between main memory and
|
|
disk.
|
|
For read-heavy workloads, where the working set size is much larger than what
|
|
can be cached in main memory, using cache devices allow much more of this
|
|
working set to be served from low latency media.
|
|
Using cache devices provides the greatest performance improvement for random
|
|
read-workloads of mostly static content.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To create a pool with cache devices, specify a
|
|
.Sy cache
|
|
vdev with any number of devices.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create pool sda sdb cache sdc sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Cache devices cannot be mirrored or part of a raidz configuration.
|
|
If a read error is encountered on a cache device, that read I/O is reissued to
|
|
the original storage pool device, which might be part of a mirrored or raidz
|
|
configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The content of the cache devices is considered volatile, as is the case with
|
|
other system caches.
|
|
.Ss Pool checkpoint
|
|
Before starting critical procedures that include destructive actions (e.g
|
|
.Nm zfs Cm destroy
|
|
), an administrator can checkpoint the pool's state and in the case of a
|
|
mistake or failure, rewind the entire pool back to the checkpoint.
|
|
Otherwise, the checkpoint can be discarded when the procedure has completed
|
|
successfully.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A pool checkpoint can be thought of as a pool-wide snapshot and should be used
|
|
with care as it contains every part of the pool's state, from properties to vdev
|
|
configuration.
|
|
Thus, while a pool has a checkpoint certain operations are not allowed.
|
|
Specifically, vdev removal/attach/detach, mirror splitting, and
|
|
changing the pool's guid.
|
|
Adding a new vdev is supported but in the case of a rewind it will have to be
|
|
added again.
|
|
Finally, users of this feature should keep in mind that scrubs in a pool that
|
|
has a checkpoint do not repair checkpointed data.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To create a checkpoint for a pool:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool checkpoint pool
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To later rewind to its checkpointed state, you need to first export it and
|
|
then rewind it during import:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool export pool
|
|
# zpool import --rewind-to-checkpoint pool
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To discard the checkpoint from a pool:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool checkpoint -d pool
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Dataset reservations (controlled by the
|
|
.Nm reservation
|
|
or
|
|
.Nm refreservation
|
|
zfs properties) may be unenforceable while a checkpoint exists, because the
|
|
checkpoint is allowed to consume the dataset's reservation.
|
|
Finally, data that is part of the checkpoint but has been freed in the
|
|
current state of the pool won't be scanned during a scrub.
|
|
.Ss Special Allocation Class
|
|
The allocations in the special class are dedicated to specific block types.
|
|
By default this includes all metadata, the indirect blocks of user data, and
|
|
any deduplication tables. The class can also be provisioned to accept
|
|
small file blocks.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A pool must always have at least one normal (non-dedup/special) vdev before
|
|
other devices can be assigned to the special class. If the special class
|
|
becomes full, then allocations intended for it will spill back into the
|
|
normal class.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Deduplication tables can be excluded from the special class by setting the
|
|
.Sy zfs_ddt_data_is_special
|
|
zfs module parameter to false (0).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Inclusion of small file blocks in the special class is opt-in. Each dataset
|
|
can control the size of small file blocks allowed in the special class by
|
|
setting the
|
|
.Sy special_small_blocks
|
|
dataset property. It defaults to zero, so you must opt-in by setting it to a
|
|
non-zero value. See
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
for more info on setting this property.
|
|
.Ss Properties
|
|
Each pool has several properties associated with it.
|
|
Some properties are read-only statistics while others are configurable and
|
|
change the behavior of the pool.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following are read-only properties:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Cm allocated
|
|
Amount of storage used within the pool.
|
|
See
|
|
.Sy fragmentation
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy free
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.It Sy capacity
|
|
Percentage of pool space used.
|
|
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
|
|
.Sy cap .
|
|
.It Sy expandsize
|
|
Amount of uninitialized space within the pool or device that can be used to
|
|
increase the total capacity of the pool.
|
|
Uninitialized space consists of any space on an EFI labeled vdev which has not
|
|
been brought online
|
|
.Po e.g, using
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm online Fl e
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
This space occurs when a LUN is dynamically expanded.
|
|
.It Sy fragmentation
|
|
The amount of fragmentation in the pool. As the amount of space
|
|
.Sy allocated
|
|
increases, it becomes more difficult to locate
|
|
.Sy free
|
|
space. This may result in lower write performance compared to pools with more
|
|
unfragmented free space.
|
|
.It Sy free
|
|
The amount of free space available in the pool.
|
|
By contrast, the
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
.Sy available
|
|
property describes how much new data can be written to ZFS filesystems/volumes.
|
|
The zpool
|
|
.Sy free
|
|
property is not generally useful for this purpose, and can be substantially more than the zfs
|
|
.Sy available
|
|
space. This discrepancy is due to several factors, including raidz party; zfs
|
|
reservation, quota, refreservation, and refquota properties; and space set aside by
|
|
.Sy spa_slop_shift
|
|
(see
|
|
.Xr zfs-module-parameters 5
|
|
for more information).
|
|
.It Sy freeing
|
|
After a file system or snapshot is destroyed, the space it was using is
|
|
returned to the pool asynchronously.
|
|
.Sy freeing
|
|
is the amount of space remaining to be reclaimed.
|
|
Over time
|
|
.Sy freeing
|
|
will decrease while
|
|
.Sy free
|
|
increases.
|
|
.It Sy health
|
|
The current health of the pool.
|
|
Health can be one of
|
|
.Sy ONLINE , DEGRADED , FAULTED , OFFLINE, REMOVED , UNAVAIL .
|
|
.It Sy guid
|
|
A unique identifier for the pool.
|
|
.It Sy load_guid
|
|
A unique identifier for the pool.
|
|
Unlike the
|
|
.Sy guid
|
|
property, this identifier is generated every time we load the pool (e.g. does
|
|
not persist across imports/exports) and never changes while the pool is loaded
|
|
(even if a
|
|
.Sy reguid
|
|
operation takes place).
|
|
.It Sy size
|
|
Total size of the storage pool.
|
|
.It Sy unsupported@ Ns Em feature_guid
|
|
Information about unsupported features that are enabled on the pool.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
for details.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The space usage properties report actual physical space available to the
|
|
storage pool.
|
|
The physical space can be different from the total amount of space that any
|
|
contained datasets can actually use.
|
|
The amount of space used in a raidz configuration depends on the characteristics
|
|
of the data being written.
|
|
In addition, ZFS reserves some space for internal accounting that the
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
command takes into account, but the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command does not.
|
|
For non-full pools of a reasonable size, these effects should be invisible.
|
|
For small pools, or pools that are close to being completely full, these
|
|
discrepancies may become more noticeable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following property can be set at creation time and import time:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy altroot
|
|
Alternate root directory.
|
|
If set, this directory is prepended to any mount points within the pool.
|
|
This can be used when examining an unknown pool where the mount points cannot be
|
|
trusted, or in an alternate boot environment, where the typical paths are not
|
|
valid.
|
|
.Sy altroot
|
|
is not a persistent property.
|
|
It is valid only while the system is up.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Sy altroot
|
|
defaults to using
|
|
.Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none ,
|
|
though this may be overridden using an explicit setting.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following property can be set only at import time:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy readonly Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Sy on ,
|
|
the pool will be imported in read-only mode.
|
|
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
|
|
.Sy rdonly .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following properties can be set at creation time and import time, and later
|
|
changed with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm set
|
|
command:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy ashift Ns = Ns Sy ashift
|
|
Pool sector size exponent, to the power of
|
|
.Sy 2
|
|
(internally referred to as
|
|
.Sy ashift
|
|
). Values from 9 to 16, inclusive, are valid; also, the
|
|
value 0 (the default) means to auto-detect using the kernel's block
|
|
layer and a ZFS internal exception list. I/O operations will be aligned
|
|
to the specified size boundaries. Additionally, the minimum (disk)
|
|
write size will be set to the specified size, so this represents a
|
|
space vs. performance trade-off. For optimal performance, the pool
|
|
sector size should be greater than or equal to the sector size of the
|
|
underlying disks. The typical case for setting this property is when
|
|
performance is important and the underlying disks use 4KiB sectors but
|
|
report 512B sectors to the OS (for compatibility reasons); in that
|
|
case, set
|
|
.Sy ashift=12
|
|
(which is 1<<12 = 4096). When set, this property is
|
|
used as the default hint value in subsequent vdev operations (add,
|
|
attach and replace). Changing this value will not modify any existing
|
|
vdev, not even on disk replacement; however it can be used, for
|
|
instance, to replace a dying 512B sectors disk with a newer 4KiB
|
|
sectors device: this will probably result in bad performance but at the
|
|
same time could prevent loss of data.
|
|
.It Sy autoexpand Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
Controls automatic pool expansion when the underlying LUN is grown.
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Sy on ,
|
|
the pool will be resized according to the size of the expanded device.
|
|
If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices within that
|
|
mirror/raidz group must be expanded before the new space is made available to
|
|
the pool.
|
|
The default behavior is
|
|
.Sy off .
|
|
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
|
|
.Sy expand .
|
|
.It Sy autoreplace Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
Controls automatic device replacement.
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Sy off ,
|
|
device replacement must be initiated by the administrator by using the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm replace
|
|
command.
|
|
If set to
|
|
.Sy on ,
|
|
any new device, found in the same physical location as a device that previously
|
|
belonged to the pool, is automatically formatted and replaced.
|
|
The default behavior is
|
|
.Sy off .
|
|
This property can also be referred to by its shortened column name,
|
|
.Sy replace .
|
|
Autoreplace can also be used with virtual disks (like device
|
|
mapper) provided that you use the /dev/disk/by-vdev paths setup by
|
|
vdev_id.conf. See the
|
|
.Xr vdev_id 8
|
|
man page for more details.
|
|
Autoreplace and autoonline require the ZFS Event Daemon be configured and
|
|
running. See the
|
|
.Xr zed 8
|
|
man page for more details.
|
|
.It Sy bootfs Ns = Ns Sy (unset) Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns / Ns Ar dataset
|
|
Identifies the default bootable dataset for the root pool. This property is
|
|
expected to be set mainly by the installation and upgrade programs.
|
|
Not all Linux distribution boot processes use the bootfs property.
|
|
.It Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Ar path Ns | Ns Sy none
|
|
Controls the location of where the pool configuration is cached.
|
|
Discovering all pools on system startup requires a cached copy of the
|
|
configuration data that is stored on the root file system.
|
|
All pools in this cache are automatically imported when the system boots.
|
|
Some environments, such as install and clustering, need to cache this
|
|
information in a different location so that pools are not automatically
|
|
imported.
|
|
Setting this property caches the pool configuration in a different location that
|
|
can later be imported with
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm import Fl c .
|
|
Setting it to the value
|
|
.Sy none
|
|
creates a temporary pool that is never cached, and the
|
|
.Qq
|
|
.Pq empty string
|
|
uses the default location.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Multiple pools can share the same cache file.
|
|
Because the kernel destroys and recreates this file when pools are added and
|
|
removed, care should be taken when attempting to access this file.
|
|
When the last pool using a
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
is exported or destroyed, the file will be empty.
|
|
.It Sy comment Ns = Ns Ar text
|
|
A text string consisting of printable ASCII characters that will be stored
|
|
such that it is available even if the pool becomes faulted.
|
|
An administrator can provide additional information about a pool using this
|
|
property.
|
|
.It Sy dedupditto Ns = Ns Ar number
|
|
This property is deprecated. In a future release, it will no longer have any
|
|
effect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Threshold for the number of block ditto copies.
|
|
If the reference count for a deduplicated block increases above this number, a
|
|
new ditto copy of this block is automatically stored.
|
|
The default setting is
|
|
.Sy 0
|
|
which causes no ditto copies to be created for deduplicated blocks.
|
|
The minimum legal nonzero setting is
|
|
.Sy 100 .
|
|
.It Sy delegation Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
Controls whether a non-privileged user is granted access based on the dataset
|
|
permissions defined on the dataset.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
for more information on ZFS delegated administration.
|
|
.It Sy failmode Ns = Ns Sy wait Ns | Ns Sy continue Ns | Ns Sy panic
|
|
Controls the system behavior in the event of catastrophic pool failure.
|
|
This condition is typically a result of a loss of connectivity to the underlying
|
|
storage device(s) or a failure of all devices within the pool.
|
|
The behavior of such an event is determined as follows:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "continue"
|
|
.It Sy wait
|
|
Blocks all I/O access until the device connectivity is recovered and the errors
|
|
are cleared.
|
|
This is the default behavior.
|
|
.It Sy continue
|
|
Returns
|
|
.Er EIO
|
|
to any new write I/O requests but allows reads to any of the remaining healthy
|
|
devices.
|
|
Any write requests that have yet to be committed to disk would be blocked.
|
|
.It Sy panic
|
|
Prints out a message to the console and generates a system crash dump.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy autotrim Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
When set to
|
|
.Sy on
|
|
space which has been recently freed, and is no longer allocated by the pool,
|
|
will be periodically trimmed. This allows block device vdevs which support
|
|
BLKDISCARD, such as SSDs, or file vdevs on which the underlying file system
|
|
supports hole-punching, to reclaim unused blocks. The default setting for
|
|
this property is
|
|
.Sy off .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Automatic TRIM does not immediately reclaim blocks after a free. Instead,
|
|
it will optimistically delay allowing smaller ranges to be aggregated in to
|
|
a few larger ones. These can then be issued more efficiently to the storage.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Be aware that automatic trimming of recently freed data blocks can put
|
|
significant stress on the underlying storage devices. This will vary
|
|
depending of how well the specific device handles these commands. For
|
|
lower end devices it is often possible to achieve most of the benefits
|
|
of automatic trimming by running an on-demand (manual) TRIM periodically
|
|
using the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm trim
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Sy feature@ Ns Ar feature_name Ns = Ns Sy enabled
|
|
The value of this property is the current state of
|
|
.Ar feature_name .
|
|
The only valid value when setting this property is
|
|
.Sy enabled
|
|
which moves
|
|
.Ar feature_name
|
|
to the enabled state.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
for details on feature states.
|
|
.It Sy listsnapshots Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
Controls whether information about snapshots associated with this pool is
|
|
output when
|
|
.Nm zfs Cm list
|
|
is run without the
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
option.
|
|
The default value is
|
|
.Sy off .
|
|
This property can also be referred to by its shortened name,
|
|
.Sy listsnaps .
|
|
.It Sy multihost Ns = Ns Sy on Ns | Ns Sy off
|
|
Controls whether a pool activity check should be performed during
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm import .
|
|
When a pool is determined to be active it cannot be imported, even with the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option. This property is intended to be used in failover configurations
|
|
where multiple hosts have access to a pool on shared storage.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Multihost provides protection on import only. It does not protect against an
|
|
individual device being used in multiple pools, regardless of the type of vdev.
|
|
See the discussion under
|
|
.Sy zpool create.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When this property is on, periodic writes to storage occur to show the pool is
|
|
in use. See
|
|
.Sy zfs_multihost_interval
|
|
in the
|
|
.Xr zfs-module-parameters 5
|
|
man page. In order to enable this property each host must set a unique hostid.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr genhostid 1
|
|
.Xr zgenhostid 8
|
|
.Xr spl-module-parameters 5
|
|
for additional details. The default value is
|
|
.Sy off .
|
|
.It Sy version Ns = Ns Ar version
|
|
The current on-disk version of the pool.
|
|
This can be increased, but never decreased.
|
|
The preferred method of updating pools is with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm upgrade
|
|
command, though this property can be used when a specific version is needed for
|
|
backwards compatibility.
|
|
Once feature flags are enabled on a pool this property will no longer have a
|
|
value.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Subcommands
|
|
All subcommands that modify state are logged persistently to the pool in their
|
|
original form.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command provides subcommands to create and destroy storage pools, add capacity
|
|
to storage pools, and provide information about the storage pools.
|
|
The following subcommands are supported:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl ?
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays a help message.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl V, -version
|
|
.Xc
|
|
An alias for the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm version
|
|
subcommand.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm add
|
|
.Op Fl fgLnP
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
|
|
.Ar pool vdev Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Adds the specified virtual devices to the given pool.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar vdev
|
|
specification is described in the
|
|
.Sx Virtual Devices
|
|
section.
|
|
The behavior of the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option, and the device checks performed are described in the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm create
|
|
subcommand.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces use of
|
|
.Ar vdev Ns s ,
|
|
even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level.
|
|
Not all devices can be overridden in this manner.
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Display
|
|
.Ar vdev ,
|
|
GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs can be used in place of
|
|
device names for the zpool detach/offline/remove/replace commands.
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Display real paths for
|
|
.Ar vdev Ns s
|
|
resolving all symbolic links. This can be used to look up the current block
|
|
device name regardless of the /dev/disk/ path used to open it.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Displays the configuration that would be used without actually adding the
|
|
.Ar vdev Ns s .
|
|
The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or
|
|
device sharing.
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Display real paths for
|
|
.Ar vdev Ns s
|
|
instead of only the last component of the path. This can be used in
|
|
conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given pool properties. See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for a list of valid properties that can be set. The only property
|
|
supported at the moment is ashift.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm attach
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc
|
|
.Ar pool device new_device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Attaches
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
to the existing
|
|
.Ar device .
|
|
The existing device cannot be part of a raidz configuration.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
is not currently part of a mirrored configuration,
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
automatically transforms into a two-way mirror of
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar new_device .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
is part of a two-way mirror, attaching
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
creates a three-way mirror, and so on.
|
|
In either case,
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
begins to resilver immediately.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces use of
|
|
.Ar new_device ,
|
|
even if it appears to be in use.
|
|
Not all devices can be overridden in this manner.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given pool properties. See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for a list of valid properties that can be set. The only property
|
|
supported at the moment is ashift.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm checkpoint
|
|
.Op Fl d, -discard
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Checkpoints the current state of
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
, which can be later restored by
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm import --rewind-to-checkpoint .
|
|
The existence of a checkpoint in a pool prohibits the following
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
commands:
|
|
.Cm remove ,
|
|
.Cm attach ,
|
|
.Cm detach ,
|
|
.Cm split ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm reguid .
|
|
In addition, it may break reservation boundaries if the pool lacks free
|
|
space.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm status
|
|
command indicates the existence of a checkpoint or the progress of discarding a
|
|
checkpoint from a pool.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm list
|
|
command reports how much space the checkpoint takes from the pool.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl d, -discard
|
|
Discards an existing checkpoint from
|
|
.Ar pool .
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm clear
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Op Ar device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Clears device errors in a pool.
|
|
If no arguments are specified, all device errors within the pool are cleared.
|
|
If one or more devices is specified, only those errors associated with the
|
|
specified device or devices are cleared.
|
|
If multihost is enabled, and the pool has been suspended, this will not
|
|
resume I/O. While the pool was suspended, it may have been imported on
|
|
another host, and resuming I/O could result in pool damage.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm create
|
|
.Op Fl dfn
|
|
.Op Fl m Ar mountpoint
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Oo Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Op Fl t Ar tname
|
|
.Ar pool vdev Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Creates a new storage pool containing the virtual devices specified on the
|
|
command line.
|
|
The pool name must begin with a letter, and can only contain
|
|
alphanumeric characters as well as underscore
|
|
.Pq Qq Sy _ ,
|
|
dash
|
|
.Pq Qq Sy \&- ,
|
|
colon
|
|
.Pq Qq Sy \&: ,
|
|
space
|
|
.Pq Qq Sy \&\ ,
|
|
and period
|
|
.Pq Qq Sy \&. .
|
|
The pool names
|
|
.Sy mirror ,
|
|
.Sy raidz ,
|
|
.Sy spare
|
|
and
|
|
.Sy log
|
|
are reserved, as are names beginning with
|
|
.Sy mirror ,
|
|
.Sy raidz ,
|
|
.Sy spare ,
|
|
and the pattern
|
|
.Sy c[0-9] .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar vdev
|
|
specification is described in the
|
|
.Sx Virtual Devices
|
|
section.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The command attempts to verify that each device specified is accessible and not
|
|
currently in use by another subsystem. However this check is not robust enough
|
|
to detect simultaneous attempts to use a new device in different pools, even if
|
|
.Sy multihost
|
|
is
|
|
.Sy enabled.
|
|
The
|
|
administrator must ensure that simultaneous invocations of any combination of
|
|
.Sy zpool replace ,
|
|
.Sy zpool create ,
|
|
.Sy zpool add ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy zpool labelclear ,
|
|
do not refer to the same device. Using the same device in two pools will
|
|
result in pool corruption.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There are some uses, such as being currently mounted, or specified as the
|
|
dedicated dump device, that prevents a device from ever being used by ZFS.
|
|
Other uses, such as having a preexisting UFS file system, can be overridden with
|
|
the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The command also checks that the replication strategy for the pool is
|
|
consistent.
|
|
An attempt to combine redundant and non-redundant storage in a single pool, or
|
|
to mix disks and files, results in an error unless
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
is specified.
|
|
The use of differently sized devices within a single raidz or mirror group is
|
|
also flagged as an error unless
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
is specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unless the
|
|
.Fl R
|
|
option is specified, the default mount point is
|
|
.Pa / Ns Ar pool .
|
|
The mount point must not exist or must be empty, or else the root dataset
|
|
cannot be mounted.
|
|
This can be overridden with the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
option.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default all supported features are enabled on the new pool unless the
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option is specified.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl d
|
|
Do not enable any features on the new pool.
|
|
Individual features can be enabled by setting their corresponding properties to
|
|
.Sy enabled
|
|
with the
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
option.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
for details about feature properties.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces use of
|
|
.Ar vdev Ns s ,
|
|
even if they appear in use or specify a conflicting replication level.
|
|
Not all devices can be overridden in this manner.
|
|
.It Fl m Ar mountpoint
|
|
Sets the mount point for the root dataset.
|
|
The default mount point is
|
|
.Pa /pool
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa altroot/pool
|
|
if
|
|
.Ar altroot
|
|
is specified.
|
|
The mount point must be an absolute path,
|
|
.Sy legacy ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Sy none .
|
|
For more information on dataset mount points, see
|
|
.Xr zfs 8 .
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Displays the configuration that would be used without actually creating the
|
|
pool.
|
|
The actual pool creation can still fail due to insufficient privileges or
|
|
device sharing.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given pool properties.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for a list of valid properties that can be set.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar feature@feature Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given pool feature. See the
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
section for a list of valid features that can be set.
|
|
Value can be either disabled or enabled.
|
|
.It Fl O Ar file-system-property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given file system properties in the root file system of the pool.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section of
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
for a list of valid properties that can be set.
|
|
.It Fl R Ar root
|
|
Equivalent to
|
|
.Fl o Sy cachefile Ns = Ns Sy none Fl o Sy altroot Ns = Ns Ar root
|
|
.It Fl t Ar tname
|
|
Sets the in-core pool name to
|
|
.Sy tname
|
|
while the on-disk name will be the name specified as the pool name
|
|
.Sy pool .
|
|
This will set the default cachefile property to none. This is intended
|
|
to handle name space collisions when creating pools for other systems,
|
|
such as virtual machines or physical machines whose pools live on network
|
|
block devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm destroy
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Destroys the given pool, freeing up any devices for other use.
|
|
This command tries to unmount any active datasets before destroying the pool.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces any active datasets contained within the pool to be unmounted.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm detach
|
|
.Ar pool device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Detaches
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
from a mirror.
|
|
The operation is refused if there are no other valid replicas of the data.
|
|
If device may be re-added to the pool later on then consider the
|
|
.Sy zpool offline
|
|
command instead.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm events
|
|
.Op Fl vHf Oo Ar pool Oc | Fl c
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Lists all recent events generated by the ZFS kernel modules. These events
|
|
are consumed by the
|
|
.Xr zed 8
|
|
and used to automate administrative tasks such as replacing a failed device
|
|
with a hot spare. For more information about the subclasses and event payloads
|
|
that can be generated see the
|
|
.Xr zfs-events 5
|
|
man page.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c
|
|
Clear all previous events.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Follow mode.
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a
|
|
single tab instead of arbitrary space.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Print the entire payload for each event.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm export
|
|
.Op Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Ar pool Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Exports the given pools from the system.
|
|
All devices are marked as exported, but are still considered in use by other
|
|
subsystems.
|
|
The devices can be moved between systems
|
|
.Pq even those of different endianness
|
|
and imported as long as a sufficient number of devices are present.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Before exporting the pool, all datasets within the pool are unmounted.
|
|
A pool can not be exported if it has a shared spare that is currently being
|
|
used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For pools to be portable, you must give the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command whole disks, not just partitions, so that ZFS can label the disks with
|
|
portable EFI labels.
|
|
Otherwise, disk drivers on platforms of different endianness will not recognize
|
|
the disks.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Exports all pools imported on the system.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forcefully unmount all datasets, using the
|
|
.Nm unmount Fl f
|
|
command.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This command will forcefully export the pool even if it has a shared spare that
|
|
is currently being used.
|
|
This may lead to potential data corruption.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm get
|
|
.Op Fl Hp
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar field Ns Oo , Ns Ar field Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Sy all Ns | Ns Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Retrieves the given list of properties
|
|
.Po
|
|
or all properties if
|
|
.Sy all
|
|
is used
|
|
.Pc
|
|
for the specified storage pool(s).
|
|
These properties are displayed with the following fields:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
name Name of storage pool
|
|
property Property name
|
|
value Property value
|
|
source Property source, either 'default' or 'local'.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for more information on the available pool properties.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
Scripted mode.
|
|
Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary
|
|
space.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar field
|
|
A comma-separated list of columns to display.
|
|
.Sy name Ns \&, Ns Sy property Ns \&, Ns Sy value Ns \&, Ns Sy source
|
|
is the default value.
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Display numbers in parsable (exact) values.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm history
|
|
.Op Fl il
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays the command history of the specified pool(s) or all pools if no pool is
|
|
specified.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl i
|
|
Displays internally logged ZFS events in addition to user initiated events.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Displays log records in long format, which in addition to standard format
|
|
includes, the user name, the hostname, and the zone in which the operation was
|
|
performed.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm import
|
|
.Op Fl D
|
|
.Op Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Lists pools available to import.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option is not specified, this command searches for devices in
|
|
.Pa /dev .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option can be specified multiple times, and all directories are searched.
|
|
If the device appears to be part of an exported pool, this command displays a
|
|
summary of the pool with the name of the pool, a numeric identifier, as well as
|
|
the vdev layout and current health of the device for each device or file.
|
|
Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm destroy
|
|
command, are not listed unless the
|
|
.Fl D
|
|
option is specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The numeric identifier is unique, and can be used instead of the pool name when
|
|
multiple exported pools of the same name are available.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c Ar cachefile
|
|
Reads configuration from the given
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
that was created with the
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
pool property.
|
|
This
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
is used instead of searching for devices.
|
|
.It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device
|
|
Uses
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
or searches for devices or files in
|
|
.Ar dir .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option can be specified multiple times.
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
Lists destroyed pools only.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm import
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl DflmN
|
|
.Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc
|
|
.Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar mntopts
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Op Fl s
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Imports all pools found in the search directories.
|
|
Identical to the previous command, except that all pools with a sufficient
|
|
number of devices available are imported.
|
|
Destroyed pools, pools that were previously destroyed with the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm destroy
|
|
command, will not be imported unless the
|
|
.Fl D
|
|
option is specified.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Searches for and imports all pools found.
|
|
.It Fl c Ar cachefile
|
|
Reads configuration from the given
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
that was created with the
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
pool property.
|
|
This
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
is used instead of searching for devices.
|
|
.It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device
|
|
Uses
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
or searches for devices or files in
|
|
.Ar dir .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option can be specified multiple times.
|
|
This option is incompatible with the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option.
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
Imports destroyed pools only.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option is also required.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active.
|
|
.It Fl F
|
|
Recovery mode for a non-importable pool.
|
|
Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few
|
|
transactions.
|
|
Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option.
|
|
If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost.
|
|
This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted
|
|
datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the pool online. Note that if
|
|
any datasets have a
|
|
.Sy keylocation
|
|
of
|
|
.Sy prompt
|
|
this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag
|
|
encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded.
|
|
.It Fl m
|
|
Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device.
|
|
Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Used with the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
recovery option.
|
|
Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does
|
|
not actually perform the pool recovery.
|
|
For more details about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
option, above.
|
|
.It Fl N
|
|
Import the pool without mounting any file systems.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar mntopts
|
|
Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the
|
|
pool.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
for a description of dataset properties and mount options.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the specified property on the imported pool.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for more information on the available pool properties.
|
|
.It Fl R Ar root
|
|
Sets the
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
property to
|
|
.Sy none
|
|
and the
|
|
.Sy altroot
|
|
property to
|
|
.Ar root .
|
|
.It Fl -rewind-to-checkpoint
|
|
Rewinds pool to the checkpointed state.
|
|
Once the pool is imported with this flag there is no way to undo the rewind.
|
|
All changes and data that were written after the checkpoint are lost!
|
|
The only exception is when the
|
|
.Sy readonly
|
|
mounting option is enabled.
|
|
In this case, the checkpointed state of the pool is opened and an
|
|
administrator can see how the pool would look like if they were
|
|
to fully rewind.
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Scan using the default search path, the libblkid cache will not be
|
|
consulted. A custom search path may be specified by setting the
|
|
ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable.
|
|
.It Fl X
|
|
Used with the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
recovery option. Determines whether extreme
|
|
measures to find a valid txg should take place. This allows the pool to
|
|
be rolled back to a txg which is no longer guaranteed to be consistent.
|
|
Pools imported at an inconsistent txg may contain uncorrectable
|
|
checksum errors. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the
|
|
health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort.
|
|
.It Fl T
|
|
Specify the txg to use for rollback. Implies
|
|
.Fl FX .
|
|
For more details
|
|
about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl X
|
|
option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the
|
|
health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm import
|
|
.Op Fl Dflm
|
|
.Op Fl F Oo Fl n Oc Oo Fl t Oc Oo Fl T Oc Oo Fl X Oc
|
|
.Op Fl c Ar cachefile Ns | Ns Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns device
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar mntopts
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Op Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool Ns | Ns Ar id
|
|
.Op Ar newpool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Imports a specific pool.
|
|
A pool can be identified by its name or the numeric identifier.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar newpool
|
|
is specified, the pool is imported using the name
|
|
.Ar newpool .
|
|
Otherwise, it is imported with the same name as its exported name.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a device is removed from a system without running
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm export
|
|
first, the device appears as potentially active.
|
|
It cannot be determined if this was a failed export, or whether the device is
|
|
really in use from another host.
|
|
To import a pool in this state, the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option is required.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c Ar cachefile
|
|
Reads configuration from the given
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
that was created with the
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
pool property.
|
|
This
|
|
.Ar cachefile
|
|
is used instead of searching for devices.
|
|
.It Fl d Ar dir Ns | Ns Ar device
|
|
Uses
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
or searches for devices or files in
|
|
.Ar dir .
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option can be specified multiple times.
|
|
This option is incompatible with the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option.
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
Imports destroyed pool.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
option is also required.
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces import, even if the pool appears to be potentially active.
|
|
.It Fl F
|
|
Recovery mode for a non-importable pool.
|
|
Attempt to return the pool to an importable state by discarding the last few
|
|
transactions.
|
|
Not all damaged pools can be recovered by using this option.
|
|
If successful, the data from the discarded transactions is irretrievably lost.
|
|
This option is ignored if the pool is importable or already imported.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted
|
|
datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the pool online. Note that if
|
|
any datasets have a
|
|
.Sy keylocation
|
|
of
|
|
.Sy prompt
|
|
this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag
|
|
encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded.
|
|
.It Fl m
|
|
Allows a pool to import when there is a missing log device.
|
|
Recent transactions can be lost because the log device will be discarded.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Used with the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
recovery option.
|
|
Determines whether a non-importable pool can be made importable again, but does
|
|
not actually perform the pool recovery.
|
|
For more details about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
option, above.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar mntopts
|
|
Comma-separated list of mount options to use when mounting datasets within the
|
|
pool.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|
|
for a description of dataset properties and mount options.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the specified property on the imported pool.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for more information on the available pool properties.
|
|
.It Fl R Ar root
|
|
Sets the
|
|
.Sy cachefile
|
|
property to
|
|
.Sy none
|
|
and the
|
|
.Sy altroot
|
|
property to
|
|
.Ar root .
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Scan using the default search path, the libblkid cache will not be
|
|
consulted. A custom search path may be specified by setting the
|
|
ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable.
|
|
.It Fl X
|
|
Used with the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
recovery option. Determines whether extreme
|
|
measures to find a valid txg should take place. This allows the pool to
|
|
be rolled back to a txg which is no longer guaranteed to be consistent.
|
|
Pools imported at an inconsistent txg may contain uncorrectable
|
|
checksum errors. For more details about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl F
|
|
option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the
|
|
health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort.
|
|
.It Fl T
|
|
Specify the txg to use for rollback. Implies
|
|
.Fl FX .
|
|
For more details
|
|
about pool recovery mode, see the
|
|
.Fl X
|
|
option, above. WARNING: This option can be extremely hazardous to the
|
|
health of your pool and should only be used as a last resort.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Used with
|
|
.Sy newpool .
|
|
Specifies that
|
|
.Sy newpool
|
|
is temporary. Temporary pool names last until export. Ensures that
|
|
the original pool name will be used in all label updates and therefore
|
|
is retained upon export.
|
|
Will also set -o cachefile=none when not explicitly specified.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm initialize
|
|
.Op Fl c | Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Op Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Begins initializing by writing to all unallocated regions on the specified
|
|
devices, or all eligible devices in the pool if no individual devices are
|
|
specified.
|
|
Only leaf data or log devices may be initialized.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c, -cancel
|
|
Cancel initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none
|
|
are specified.
|
|
If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being
|
|
initialized, the command will fail and no cancellation will occur on any device.
|
|
.It Fl s -suspend
|
|
Suspend initializing on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none
|
|
are specified.
|
|
If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being
|
|
initialized, the command will fail and no suspension will occur on any device.
|
|
Initializing can then be resumed by running
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm initialize
|
|
with no flags on the relevant target devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm iostat
|
|
.Op Oo Oo Fl c Ar SCRIPT Oc Oo Fl lq Oc Oc Ns | Ns Fl rw
|
|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
.Op Fl ghHLnpPvy
|
|
.Oo Oo Ar pool Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar pool vdev Ns ... Oc Ns | Ns Oo Ar vdev Ns ... Oc Oc
|
|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays logical I/O statistics for the given pools/vdevs. Physical I/Os may
|
|
be observed via
|
|
.Xr iostat 1 .
|
|
If writes are located nearby, they may be merged into a single
|
|
larger operation. Additional I/O may be generated depending on the level of
|
|
vdev redundancy.
|
|
To filter output, you may pass in a list of pools, a pool and list of vdevs
|
|
in that pool, or a list of any vdevs from any pool. If no items are specified,
|
|
statistics for every pool in the system are shown.
|
|
When given an
|
|
.Ar interval ,
|
|
the statistics are printed every
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
seconds until ^C is pressed. If
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
flag is specified the headers are displayed only once, otherwise they are
|
|
displayed periodically. If count is specified, the command exits
|
|
after count reports are printed. The first report printed is always
|
|
the statistics since boot regardless of whether
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
are passed. However, this behavior can be suppressed with the
|
|
.Fl y
|
|
flag. Also note that the units of
|
|
.Sy K ,
|
|
.Sy M ,
|
|
.Sy G ...
|
|
that are printed in the report are in base 1024. To get the raw
|
|
values, use the
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
flag.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ...
|
|
Run a script (or scripts) on each vdev and include the output as a new column
|
|
in the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm iostat
|
|
output. Users can run any script found in their
|
|
.Pa ~/.zpool.d
|
|
directory or from the system
|
|
.Pa /etc/zfs/zpool.d
|
|
directory. Script names containing the slash (/) character are not allowed.
|
|
The default search path can be overridden by setting the
|
|
ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH environment variable. A privileged user can run
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
if they have the ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT
|
|
environment variable set. If a script requires the use of a privileged
|
|
command, like
|
|
.Xr smartctl 8 ,
|
|
then it's recommended you allow the user access to it in
|
|
.Pa /etc/sudoers
|
|
or add the user to the
|
|
.Pa /etc/sudoers.d/zfs
|
|
file.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
is passed without a script name, it prints a list of all scripts.
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
also sets verbose mode
|
|
.No \&( Ns Fl v Ns No \&).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Script output should be in the form of "name=value". The column name is
|
|
set to "name" and the value is set to "value". Multiple lines can be
|
|
used to output multiple columns. The first line of output not in the
|
|
"name=value" format is displayed without a column title, and no more
|
|
output after that is displayed. This can be useful for printing error
|
|
messages. Blank or NULL values are printed as a '-' to make output
|
|
awk-able.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following environment variables are set before running each script:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "VDEV_PATH"
|
|
.It Sy VDEV_PATH
|
|
Full path to the vdev
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "VDEV_UPATH"
|
|
.It Sy VDEV_UPATH
|
|
Underlying path to the vdev (/dev/sd*). For use with device mapper,
|
|
multipath, or partitioned vdevs.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "VDEV_ENC_SYSFS_PATH"
|
|
.It Sy VDEV_ENC_SYSFS_PATH
|
|
The sysfs path to the enclosure for the vdev (if any).
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
Display a time stamp.
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy u
|
|
for a printed representation of the internal representation of time.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr time 2 .
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy d
|
|
for standard date format.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr date 1 .
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs
|
|
can be used in place of device names for the zpool
|
|
detach/offline/remove/replace commands.
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
Scripted mode. Do not display headers, and separate fields by a
|
|
single tab instead of arbitrary space.
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can
|
|
be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the
|
|
.Pa /dev/disk/
|
|
path used to open it.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Print headers only once when passed
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Display numbers in parsable (exact) values. Time values are in
|
|
nanoseconds.
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of
|
|
the path. This can be used in conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag.
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
Print request size histograms for the leaf vdev's IO. This includes
|
|
histograms of individual IOs (ind) and aggregate IOs (agg). These stats
|
|
can be useful for observing how well IO aggregation is working. Note
|
|
that TRIM IOs may exceed 16M, but will be counted as 16M.
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Verbose statistics Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the
|
|
pool, in addition to the pool-wide statistics.
|
|
.It Fl y
|
|
Omit statistics since boot.
|
|
Normally the first line of output reports the statistics since boot.
|
|
This option suppresses that first line of output.
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
.It Fl w
|
|
Display latency histograms:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar total_wait :
|
|
Total IO time (queuing + disk IO time).
|
|
.Ar disk_wait :
|
|
Disk IO time (time reading/writing the disk).
|
|
.Ar syncq_wait :
|
|
Amount of time IO spent in synchronous priority queues. Does not include
|
|
disk time.
|
|
.Ar asyncq_wait :
|
|
Amount of time IO spent in asynchronous priority queues. Does not include
|
|
disk time.
|
|
.Ar scrub :
|
|
Amount of time IO spent in scrub queue. Does not include disk time.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Include average latency statistics:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar total_wait :
|
|
Average total IO time (queuing + disk IO time).
|
|
.Ar disk_wait :
|
|
Average disk IO time (time reading/writing the disk).
|
|
.Ar syncq_wait :
|
|
Average amount of time IO spent in synchronous priority queues. Does
|
|
not include disk time.
|
|
.Ar asyncq_wait :
|
|
Average amount of time IO spent in asynchronous priority queues.
|
|
Does not include disk time.
|
|
.Ar scrub :
|
|
Average queuing time in scrub queue. Does not include disk time.
|
|
.Ar trim :
|
|
Average queuing time in trim queue. Does not include disk time.
|
|
.It Fl q
|
|
Include active queue statistics. Each priority queue has both
|
|
pending (
|
|
.Ar pend )
|
|
and active (
|
|
.Ar activ )
|
|
IOs. Pending IOs are waiting to
|
|
be issued to the disk, and active IOs have been issued to disk and are
|
|
waiting for completion. These stats are broken out by priority queue:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar syncq_read/write :
|
|
Current number of entries in synchronous priority
|
|
queues.
|
|
.Ar asyncq_read/write :
|
|
Current number of entries in asynchronous priority queues.
|
|
.Ar scrubq_read :
|
|
Current number of entries in scrub queue.
|
|
.Ar trimq_write :
|
|
Current number of entries in trim queue.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
All queue statistics are instantaneous measurements of the number of
|
|
entries in the queues. If you specify an interval, the measurements
|
|
will be sampled from the end of the interval.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm labelclear
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Removes ZFS label information from the specified
|
|
.Ar device .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
must not be part of an active pool configuration.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Treat exported or foreign devices as inactive.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm list
|
|
.Op Fl HgLpPv
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar property Ns Oo , Ns Ar property Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Lists the given pools along with a health status and space usage.
|
|
If no
|
|
.Ar pool Ns s
|
|
are specified, all pools in the system are listed.
|
|
When given an
|
|
.Ar interval ,
|
|
the information is printed every
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
seconds until ^C is pressed.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
is specified, the command exits after
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
reports are printed.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs
|
|
can be used in place of device names for the zpool
|
|
detach/offline/remove/replace commands.
|
|
.It Fl H
|
|
Scripted mode.
|
|
Do not display headers, and separate fields by a single tab instead of arbitrary
|
|
space.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property
|
|
Comma-separated list of properties to display.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for a list of valid properties.
|
|
The default list is
|
|
.Cm name , size , allocated , free , checkpoint, expandsize , fragmentation ,
|
|
.Cm capacity , dedupratio , health , altroot .
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can
|
|
be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the
|
|
/dev/disk/ path used to open it.
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Display numbers in parsable
|
|
.Pq exact
|
|
values.
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of
|
|
the path. This can be used in conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag.
|
|
.It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
Display a time stamp.
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy u
|
|
for a printed representation of the internal representation of time.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr time 2 .
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy d
|
|
for standard date format.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr date 1 .
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Verbose statistics.
|
|
Reports usage statistics for individual vdevs within the pool, in addition to
|
|
the pool-wise statistics.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm offline
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Op Fl t
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Takes the specified physical device offline.
|
|
While the
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
is offline, no attempt is made to read or write to the device.
|
|
This command is not applicable to spares.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Force fault. Instead of offlining the disk, put it into a faulted
|
|
state. The fault will persist across imports unless the
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
flag was specified.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Temporary.
|
|
Upon reboot, the specified physical device reverts to its previous state.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm online
|
|
.Op Fl e
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Brings the specified physical device online.
|
|
This command is not applicable to spares.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl e
|
|
Expand the device to use all available space.
|
|
If the device is part of a mirror or raidz then all devices must be expanded
|
|
before the new space will become available to the pool.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm reguid
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Generates a new unique identifier for the pool.
|
|
You must ensure that all devices in this pool are online and healthy before
|
|
performing this action.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm reopen
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Reopen all the vdevs associated with the pool.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Do not restart an in-progress scrub operation. This is not recommended and can
|
|
result in partially resilvered devices unless a second scrub is performed.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm remove
|
|
.Op Fl np
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Removes the specified device from the pool.
|
|
This command supports removing hot spare, cache, log, and both mirrored and
|
|
non-redundant primary top-level vdevs, including dedup and special vdevs.
|
|
When the primary pool storage includes a top-level raidz vdev only hot spare,
|
|
cache, and log devices can be removed.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Removing a top-level vdev reduces the total amount of space in the storage pool.
|
|
The specified device will be evacuated by copying all allocated space from it to
|
|
the other devices in the pool.
|
|
In this case, the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm remove
|
|
command initiates the removal and returns, while the evacuation continues in
|
|
the background.
|
|
The removal progress can be monitored with
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm status .
|
|
If an IO error is encountered during the removal process it will be
|
|
cancelled. The
|
|
.Sy device_removal
|
|
feature flag must be enabled to remove a top-level vdev, see
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A mirrored top-level device (log or data) can be removed by specifying the top-level mirror for the
|
|
same.
|
|
Non-log devices or data devices that are part of a mirrored configuration can be removed using
|
|
the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm detach
|
|
command.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Do not actually perform the removal ("no-op").
|
|
Instead, print the estimated amount of memory that will be used by the
|
|
mapping table after the removal completes.
|
|
This is nonzero only for top-level vdevs.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Used in conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
flag, displays numbers as parsable (exact) values.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm remove
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Stops and cancels an in-progress removal of a top-level vdev.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm replace
|
|
.Op Fl f
|
|
.Op Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar pool Ar device Op Ar new_device
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Replaces
|
|
.Ar old_device
|
|
with
|
|
.Ar new_device .
|
|
This is equivalent to attaching
|
|
.Ar new_device ,
|
|
waiting for it to resilver, and then detaching
|
|
.Ar old_device .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The size of
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
must be greater than or equal to the minimum size of all the devices in a mirror
|
|
or raidz configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
is required if the pool is not redundant.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar new_device
|
|
is not specified, it defaults to
|
|
.Ar old_device .
|
|
This form of replacement is useful after an existing disk has failed and has
|
|
been physically replaced.
|
|
In this case, the new disk may have the same
|
|
.Pa /dev
|
|
path as the old device, even though it is actually a different disk.
|
|
ZFS recognizes this.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl f
|
|
Forces use of
|
|
.Ar new_device ,
|
|
even if it appears to be in use.
|
|
Not all devices can be overridden in this manner.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the given pool properties. See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for a list of valid properties that can be set.
|
|
The only property supported at the moment is
|
|
.Sy ashift .
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm scrub
|
|
.Op Fl s | Fl p
|
|
.Ar pool Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Begins a scrub or resumes a paused scrub.
|
|
The scrub examines all data in the specified pools to verify that it checksums
|
|
correctly.
|
|
For replicated
|
|
.Pq mirror or raidz
|
|
devices, ZFS automatically repairs any damage discovered during the scrub.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm status
|
|
command reports the progress of the scrub and summarizes the results of the
|
|
scrub upon completion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Scrubbing and resilvering are very similar operations.
|
|
The difference is that resilvering only examines data that ZFS knows to be out
|
|
of date
|
|
.Po
|
|
for example, when attaching a new device to a mirror or replacing an existing
|
|
device
|
|
.Pc ,
|
|
whereas scrubbing examines all data to discover silent errors due to hardware
|
|
faults or disk failure.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Because scrubbing and resilvering are I/O-intensive operations, ZFS only allows
|
|
one at a time.
|
|
If a scrub is paused, the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm scrub
|
|
resumes it.
|
|
If a resilver is in progress, ZFS does not allow a scrub to be started until the
|
|
resilver completes.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that, due to changes in pool data on a live system, it is possible for
|
|
scrubs to progress slightly beyond 100% completion. During this period, no
|
|
completion time estimate will be provided.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Stop scrubbing.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Pause scrubbing.
|
|
Scrub pause state and progress are periodically synced to disk.
|
|
If the system is restarted or pool is exported during a paused scrub,
|
|
even after import, scrub will remain paused until it is resumed.
|
|
Once resumed the scrub will pick up from the place where it was last
|
|
checkpointed to disk.
|
|
To resume a paused scrub issue
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm scrub
|
|
again.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm resilver
|
|
.Ar pool Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Starts a resilver. If an existing resilver is already running it will be
|
|
restarted from the beginning. Any drives that were scheduled for a deferred
|
|
resilver will be added to the new one. This requires the
|
|
.Sy resilver_defer
|
|
feature.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm trim
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl c | Fl s
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Op Ar device Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Initiates an immediate on-demand TRIM operation for all of the free space in
|
|
a pool. This operation informs the underlying storage devices of all blocks
|
|
in the pool which are no longer allocated and allows thinly provisioned
|
|
devices to reclaim the space.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A manual on-demand TRIM operation can be initiated irrespective of the
|
|
.Sy autotrim
|
|
pool property setting. See the documentation for the
|
|
.Sy autotrim
|
|
property above for the types of vdev devices which can be trimmed.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl d -secure
|
|
Causes a secure TRIM to be initiated. When performing a secure TRIM, the
|
|
device guarantees that data stored on the trimmed blocks has been erased.
|
|
This requires support from the device and is not supported by all SSDs.
|
|
.It Fl r -rate Ar rate
|
|
Controls the rate at which the TRIM operation progresses. Without this
|
|
option TRIM is executed as quickly as possible. The rate, expressed in bytes
|
|
per second, is applied on a per-vdev basis and may be set differently for
|
|
each leaf vdev.
|
|
.It Fl c, -cancel
|
|
Cancel trimming on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none
|
|
are specified.
|
|
If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being
|
|
trimmed, the command will fail and no cancellation will occur on any device.
|
|
.It Fl s -suspend
|
|
Suspend trimming on the specified devices, or all eligible devices if none
|
|
are specified.
|
|
If one or more target devices are invalid or are not currently being
|
|
trimmed, the command will fail and no suspension will occur on any device.
|
|
Trimming can then be resumed by running
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm trim
|
|
with no flags on the relevant target devices.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm set
|
|
.Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Sets the given property on the specified pool.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for more information on what properties can be set and acceptable
|
|
values.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm split
|
|
.Op Fl gLlnP
|
|
.Oo Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl R Ar root
|
|
.Ar pool newpool
|
|
.Op Ar device ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Splits devices off
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
creating
|
|
.Ar newpool .
|
|
All vdevs in
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
must be mirrors and the pool must not be in the process of resilvering.
|
|
At the time of the split,
|
|
.Ar newpool
|
|
will be a replica of
|
|
.Ar pool .
|
|
By default, the
|
|
last device in each mirror is split from
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
to create
|
|
.Ar newpool .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The optional device specification causes the specified device(s) to be
|
|
included in the new
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
and, should any devices remain unspecified,
|
|
the last device in each mirror is used as would be by default.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs
|
|
can be used in place of device names for the zpool
|
|
detach/offline/remove/replace commands.
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can
|
|
be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the
|
|
.Pa /dev/disk/
|
|
path used to open it.
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Indicates that this command will request encryption keys for all encrypted
|
|
datasets it attempts to mount as it is bringing the new pool online. Note that
|
|
if any datasets have a
|
|
.Sy keylocation
|
|
of
|
|
.Sy prompt
|
|
this command will block waiting for the keys to be entered. Without this flag
|
|
encrypted datasets will be left unavailable until the keys are loaded.
|
|
.It Fl n
|
|
Do dry run, do not actually perform the split.
|
|
Print out the expected configuration of
|
|
.Ar newpool .
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of
|
|
the path. This can be used in conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag.
|
|
.It Fl o Ar property Ns = Ns Ar value
|
|
Sets the specified property for
|
|
.Ar newpool .
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx Properties
|
|
section for more information on the available pool properties.
|
|
.It Fl R Ar root
|
|
Set
|
|
.Sy altroot
|
|
for
|
|
.Ar newpool
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar root
|
|
and automatically import it.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm status
|
|
.Op Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Fl DigLpPstvx
|
|
.Op Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
.Oo Ar pool Oc Ns ...
|
|
.Op Ar interval Op Ar count
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays the detailed health status for the given pools.
|
|
If no
|
|
.Ar pool
|
|
is specified, then the status of each pool in the system is displayed.
|
|
For more information on pool and device health, see the
|
|
.Sx Device Failure and Recovery
|
|
section.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a scrub or resilver is in progress, this command reports the percentage done
|
|
and the estimated time to completion.
|
|
Both of these are only approximate, because the amount of data in the pool and
|
|
the other workloads on the system can change.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl c Op Ar SCRIPT1 Ns Oo , Ns Ar SCRIPT2 Oc Ns ...
|
|
Run a script (or scripts) on each vdev and include the output as a new column
|
|
in the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm status
|
|
output. See the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option of
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm iostat
|
|
for complete details.
|
|
.It Fl i
|
|
Display vdev initialization status.
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Display vdev GUIDs instead of the normal device names. These GUIDs
|
|
can be used in place of device names for the zpool
|
|
detach/offline/remove/replace commands.
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Display real paths for vdevs resolving all symbolic links. This can
|
|
be used to look up the current block device name regardless of the
|
|
.Pa /dev/disk/
|
|
path used to open it.
|
|
.It Fl p
|
|
Display numbers in parsable (exact) values.
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Display full paths for vdevs instead of only the last component of
|
|
the path. This can be used in conjunction with the
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag.
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
Display a histogram of deduplication statistics, showing the allocated
|
|
.Pq physically present on disk
|
|
and referenced
|
|
.Pq logically referenced in the pool
|
|
block counts and sizes by reference count.
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Display the number of leaf VDEV slow IOs. This is the number of IOs that
|
|
didn't complete in \fBzio_slow_io_ms\fR milliseconds (default 30 seconds).
|
|
This does not necessarily mean the IOs failed to complete, just took an
|
|
unreasonably long amount of time. This may indicate a problem with the
|
|
underlying storage.
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Display vdev TRIM status.
|
|
.It Fl T Sy u Ns | Ns Sy d
|
|
Display a time stamp.
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy u
|
|
for a printed representation of the internal representation of time.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr time 2 .
|
|
Specify
|
|
.Sy d
|
|
for standard date format.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr date 1 .
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
Displays verbose data error information, printing out a complete list of all
|
|
data errors since the last complete pool scrub.
|
|
.It Fl x
|
|
Only display status for pools that are exhibiting errors or are otherwise
|
|
unavailable.
|
|
Warnings about pools not using the latest on-disk format will not be included.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm sync
|
|
.Op Ar pool ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This command forces all in-core dirty data to be written to the primary
|
|
pool storage and not the ZIL. It will also update administrative
|
|
information including quota reporting. Without arguments,
|
|
.Sy zpool sync
|
|
will sync all pools on the system. Otherwise, it will sync only the
|
|
specified pool(s).
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays pools which do not have all supported features enabled and pools
|
|
formatted using a legacy ZFS version number.
|
|
These pools can continue to be used, but some features may not be available.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm upgrade Fl a
|
|
to enable all features on all pools.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays legacy ZFS versions supported by the current software.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
for a description of feature flags features supported by the current software.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm upgrade
|
|
.Op Fl V Ar version
|
|
.Fl a Ns | Ns Ar pool Ns ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Enables all supported features on the given pool.
|
|
Once this is done, the pool will no longer be accessible on systems that do not
|
|
support feature flags.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5
|
|
for details on compatibility with systems that support feature flags, but do not
|
|
support all features enabled on the pool.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Enables all supported features on all pools.
|
|
.It Fl V Ar version
|
|
Upgrade to the specified legacy version.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl V
|
|
flag is specified, no features will be enabled on the pool.
|
|
This option can only be used to increase the version number up to the last
|
|
supported legacy version number.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Cm version
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Displays the software version of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
userland utility and the zfs kernel module.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
The following exit values are returned:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy 0
|
|
Successful completion.
|
|
.It Sy 1
|
|
An error occurred.
|
|
.It Sy 2
|
|
Invalid command line options were specified.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Sy Example 1 No Creating a RAID-Z Storage Pool
|
|
The following command creates a pool with a single raidz root vdev that
|
|
consists of six disks.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create tank raidz sda sdb sdc sdd sde sdf
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 2 No Creating a Mirrored Storage Pool
|
|
The following command creates a pool with two mirrors, where each mirror
|
|
contains two disks.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create tank mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 3 No Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Partitions
|
|
The following command creates an unmirrored pool using two disk partitions.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create tank sda1 sdb2
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 4 No Creating a ZFS Storage Pool by Using Files
|
|
The following command creates an unmirrored pool using files.
|
|
While not recommended, a pool based on files can be useful for experimental
|
|
purposes.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create tank /path/to/file/a /path/to/file/b
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 5 No Adding a Mirror to a ZFS Storage Pool
|
|
The following command adds two mirrored disks to the pool
|
|
.Em tank ,
|
|
assuming the pool is already made up of two-way mirrors.
|
|
The additional space is immediately available to any datasets within the pool.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool add tank mirror sda sdb
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 6 No Listing Available ZFS Storage Pools
|
|
The following command lists all available pools on the system.
|
|
In this case, the pool
|
|
.Em zion
|
|
is faulted due to a missing device.
|
|
The results from this command are similar to the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool list
|
|
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
|
|
rpool 19.9G 8.43G 11.4G - 33% 42% 1.00x ONLINE -
|
|
tank 61.5G 20.0G 41.5G - 48% 32% 1.00x ONLINE -
|
|
zion - - - - - - - FAULTED -
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 7 No Destroying a ZFS Storage Pool
|
|
The following command destroys the pool
|
|
.Em tank
|
|
and any datasets contained within.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool destroy -f tank
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 8 No Exporting a ZFS Storage Pool
|
|
The following command exports the devices in pool
|
|
.Em tank
|
|
so that they can be relocated or later imported.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool export tank
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 9 No Importing a ZFS Storage Pool
|
|
The following command displays available pools, and then imports the pool
|
|
.Em tank
|
|
for use on the system.
|
|
The results from this command are similar to the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool import
|
|
pool: tank
|
|
id: 15451357997522795478
|
|
state: ONLINE
|
|
action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier.
|
|
config:
|
|
|
|
tank ONLINE
|
|
mirror ONLINE
|
|
sda ONLINE
|
|
sdb ONLINE
|
|
|
|
# zpool import tank
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 10 No Upgrading All ZFS Storage Pools to the Current Version
|
|
The following command upgrades all ZFS Storage pools to the current version of
|
|
the software.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool upgrade -a
|
|
This system is currently running ZFS version 2.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 11 No Managing Hot Spares
|
|
The following command creates a new pool with an available hot spare:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create tank mirror sda sdb spare sdc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If one of the disks were to fail, the pool would be reduced to the degraded
|
|
state.
|
|
The failed device can be replaced using the following command:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool replace tank sda sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once the data has been resilvered, the spare is automatically removed and is
|
|
made available for use should another device fail.
|
|
The hot spare can be permanently removed from the pool using the following
|
|
command:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool remove tank sdc
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 12 No Creating a ZFS Pool with Mirrored Separate Intent Logs
|
|
The following command creates a ZFS storage pool consisting of two, two-way
|
|
mirrors and mirrored log devices:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool create pool mirror sda sdb mirror sdc sdd log mirror \\
|
|
sde sdf
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 13 No Adding Cache Devices to a ZFS Pool
|
|
The following command adds two disks for use as cache devices to a ZFS storage
|
|
pool:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool add pool cache sdc sdd
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Once added, the cache devices gradually fill with content from main memory.
|
|
Depending on the size of your cache devices, it could take over an hour for
|
|
them to fill.
|
|
Capacity and reads can be monitored using the
|
|
.Cm iostat
|
|
option as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool iostat -v pool 5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 14 No Removing a Mirrored top-level (Log or Data) Device
|
|
The following commands remove the mirrored log device
|
|
.Sy mirror-2
|
|
and mirrored top-level data device
|
|
.Sy mirror-1 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Given this configuration:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
pool: tank
|
|
state: ONLINE
|
|
scrub: none requested
|
|
config:
|
|
|
|
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
|
|
tank ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sda ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sdb ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sdc ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sdd ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
logs
|
|
mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sde ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
sdf ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The command to remove the mirrored log
|
|
.Sy mirror-2
|
|
is:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool remove tank mirror-2
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The command to remove the mirrored data
|
|
.Sy mirror-1
|
|
is:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool remove tank mirror-1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 15 No Displaying expanded space on a device
|
|
The following command displays the detailed information for the pool
|
|
.Em data .
|
|
This pool is comprised of a single raidz vdev where one of its devices
|
|
increased its capacity by 10GB.
|
|
In this example, the pool will not be able to utilize this extra capacity until
|
|
all the devices under the raidz vdev have been expanded.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool list -v data
|
|
NAME SIZE ALLOC FREE EXPANDSZ FRAG CAP DEDUP HEALTH ALTROOT
|
|
data 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G - 48% 61% 1.00x ONLINE -
|
|
raidz1 23.9G 14.6G 9.30G - 48%
|
|
sda - - - - -
|
|
sdb - - - 10G -
|
|
sdc - - - - -
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.It Sy Example 16 No Adding output columns
|
|
Additional columns can be added to the
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm status
|
|
and
|
|
.Nm zpool Cm iostat
|
|
output with
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# zpool status -c vendor,model,size
|
|
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM vendor model size
|
|
tank ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
|
|
U1 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
U10 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
U11 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
U12 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
U13 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
U14 ONLINE 0 0 0 SEAGATE ST8000NM0075 7.3T
|
|
|
|
# zpool iostat -vc slaves
|
|
capacity operations bandwidth
|
|
pool alloc free read write read write slaves
|
|
---------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---------
|
|
tank 20.4G 7.23T 26 152 20.7M 21.6M
|
|
mirror 20.4G 7.23T 26 152 20.7M 21.6M
|
|
U1 - - 0 31 1.46K 20.6M sdb sdff
|
|
U10 - - 0 1 3.77K 13.3K sdas sdgw
|
|
U11 - - 0 1 288K 13.3K sdat sdgx
|
|
U12 - - 0 1 78.4K 13.3K sdau sdgy
|
|
U13 - - 0 1 128K 13.3K sdav sdgz
|
|
U14 - - 0 1 63.2K 13.3K sdfk sdg
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZFS_ABORT"
|
|
.It Ev ZFS_ABORT
|
|
Cause
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
to dump core on exit for the purposes of running
|
|
.Sy ::findleaks .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH
|
|
The search path for devices or files to use with the pool. This is a colon-separated list of directories in which
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
looks for device nodes and files.
|
|
Similar to the
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
option in
|
|
.Nm zpool import .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_IMPORT_UDEV_TIMEOUT_MS"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_IMPORT_UDEV_TIMEOUT_MS
|
|
The maximum time in milliseconds that
|
|
.Nm zpool import
|
|
will wait for an expected device to be available.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_GUID"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_GUID
|
|
Cause
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
subcommands to output vdev guids by default. This behavior is identical to the
|
|
.Nm zpool status -g
|
|
command line option.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_FOLLOW_LINKS"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_FOLLOW_LINKS
|
|
Cause
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
subcommands to follow links for vdev names by default. This behavior is identical to the
|
|
.Nm zpool status -L
|
|
command line option.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_VDEV_NAME_PATH
|
|
Cause
|
|
.Nm zpool
|
|
subcommands to output full vdev path names by default. This
|
|
behavior is identical to the
|
|
.Nm zpool status -p
|
|
command line option.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT"
|
|
.It Ev ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT
|
|
Older ZFS on Linux implementations had issues when attempting to display pool
|
|
config VDEV names if a
|
|
.Sy devid
|
|
NVP value is present in the pool's config.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For example, a pool that originated on illumos platform would have a devid
|
|
value in the config and
|
|
.Nm zpool status
|
|
would fail when listing the config.
|
|
This would also be true for future Linux based pools.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A pool can be stripped of any
|
|
.Sy devid
|
|
values on import or prevented from adding
|
|
them on
|
|
.Nm zpool create
|
|
or
|
|
.Nm zpool add
|
|
by setting
|
|
.Sy ZFS_VDEV_DEVID_OPT_OUT .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_AS_ROOT
|
|
Allow a privileged user to run the
|
|
.Nm zpool status/iostat
|
|
with the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option. Normally, only unprivileged users are allowed to run
|
|
.Fl c .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_PATH
|
|
The search path for scripts when running
|
|
.Nm zpool status/iostat
|
|
with the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option. This is a colon-separated list of directories and overrides the default
|
|
.Pa ~/.zpool.d
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/zfs/zpool.d
|
|
search paths.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Bl -tag -width "ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED"
|
|
.It Ev ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED
|
|
Allow a user to run
|
|
.Nm zpool status/iostat
|
|
with the
|
|
.Fl c
|
|
option. If
|
|
.Sy ZPOOL_SCRIPTS_ENABLED
|
|
is not set, it is assumed that the user is allowed to run
|
|
.Nm zpool status/iostat -c .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh INTERFACE STABILITY
|
|
.Sy Evolving
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr zfs-events 5 ,
|
|
.Xr zfs-module-parameters 5 ,
|
|
.Xr zpool-features 5 ,
|
|
.Xr zed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr zfs 8
|